Efflorescence and Spalling

Efflorescence and spalling are two different things that are often confused. Efflorescence is the white, chalky residue that sometimes appears on the surface of concrete or brick. It can be a frustrating cosmetic issue, or it can be an indication of moisture problems that might eventually lead to serious structural concerns as a result of spalling.

Efflorescence on brick
Efflorescence occurs when soluble compounds in the masonry are deposited on the surface.


Efflorescence is the dissolved salts deposited on the surface of the concrete or brick that are visible after the evaporation of the water in which it was transported. The moisture that creates efflorescence often comes from groundwater, but rainwater can also be the source. Efflorescence alone does not pose a major problem, but it can be an indication of moisture intrusion, which may compromise the structural material. Efflorescence typically precedes spalling.

Spalling on brick
Spalling is concrete or brick that is deteriorating because moisture has penetrated the material.
Spalling is concrete or brick that is deteriorating because moisture has penetrated the material. When the water is too much for the concrete or brick to handle, the material breaks apart or spalls. If you live in a cold area the porous surface of masonry material allows water to absorb and when the water freezes, the material can expand and crack. This damage can eventually compromise the structure.

Repairing spalling masonry can be labor intensive and expensive. It is important to understand that efflorescence and spalling are the symptom of a larger concern, water penetration. Make sure you mitigate the moisture concerns prior to making any repairs to the efflorescence and spalling or your time and money will be wasted. Unless you are comfortable with masonry projects you may want hire a professional. Repairing requires removing the flaking down to solid brick, wetting the surface, and applying patching mortar. Then waterproof the the area prior to adding any appropriate paint or stain.



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